On August 25, 2011, the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB") announced the issuance of a "Final Rule" that will require employers to notify employees of their rights under the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA"). The Final Rule will take effect on November 14, 2011.

Which employers are affected by the Final Rule? The Final Rule applies to any employer that is covered by the NLRA. This includes most employers in the private sector; however, certain employers with an annual business volume of less than $500,000 may be excluded. Small businesses should consult with counsel to determine whether they fall under the NLRB’s jurisdiction. Federal contractors who already post a similar notice under Executive Order 13496 are deemed to comply with the Final Rule if they comply with notice posting regulations under the Executive Order.

What are the notification requirements? Covered employers must post the required notice "in conspicuous places" where it is "readily seen by employees, including all places where notices to employees concerning personnel rules or policies are customarily posted." The required notice informs employees of their rights under the NLRA. These include the rights to organize a union, bargain collectively, discuss wages with co-workers and to engage in a strike and other "protected concerted activity." The notice also provides information as to how employees may contact the NLRB for more information regarding their rights.

The required poster will be made available on the NLRB website. Employers may post the official color poster that appears on the NLRB website, or a black and white photocopy of it; however, all posted notices must be at least 11" by 17" and the same font as the official notice. In workplaces where 20% or more of the workforce is not proficient in English, special rules apply regarding posting the notice in other languages. Electronic posting on a company’s intranet or Internet site is also required "if the employer customarily communicates with its employees about personnel rules or policies by such means."

What happens if an employer fails to comply? Employees may report employer non-compliance to the NLRB and failure to post the notice may result in the filing of an unfair labor practice charge ("ULP") with the Board. The Final Rule provides detailed instructions to employees on the process for filing a ULP charge. If an employer refuses to comply after receiving notice of non-compliance, the Regional Director for the NLRB may issue a formal complaint and schedule a hearing before a federal administrative law judge who may then issue an order requiring posting. A willful refusal to post the notice may be deemed by the NLRB as evidence of "unlawful motive" in cases where an employee alleges other violations of the NLRA (e.g. discrimination on the basis of union activity). In addition, in such cases where an employer fails to post the notice, the Board may excuse employees from the six-month statute of limitations for filing ULP charges based on other alleged unlawful conduct by the employer.

Why is the Final Rule controversial? The Final Rule is particularly controversial because the threat of union organizing is a hot button issue for many employers and the Final Rule is widely viewed as a political payback to unions by the current Administration. The sole Republican appointee on the Board dissented to the issuance of the Final Rule. Although employers are already required to post notices under several other federal employment laws (e.g. Title VII), those laws typically contain specific notice provisions – the NLRA does not. This is the first posting requirement of general applicability issued by the NLRB since the NLRA was passed in 1935. It remains to be seen whether business groups or political opponents of the Final Rule will take legal or political action to block enforcement.

If you have any questions regarding the Final Rule, you may contact any member of McNees Wallace & Nurick’s Labor and Employment Law Group by clicking here.
 

We are happy to report that we have been nominated as one of the LexisNexis Top 25 Labor and Employment Blogs of 2011!  We are both humbled and honored by our nomination. 

You can comment/vote on the list of nominees by clicking here.  If you have not previously registered you will need to do so by starting here (this is free and quick).

Thanks!

This post was contributed by Kelly Horein, a Summer Associate with McNees Wallace and Nurick LLC. Ms. Horein will begin her third year of law school at Boston University School of Law in the fall, and she expects to earn her J.D. in May 2012.

Two weeks ago we discussed the importance of providing discrimination and harassment training to supervisors and managers. To follow up on that post, we thought it would be a good idea to provide a brief overview of the key aspects of an effective supervisor training program.

As we previously mentioned, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has clearly stated that it is important to train all supervisors and managers, and not just those charged with receiving and investigating complaints. In addition, we suggest that employers provide training to all new supervisors, provide annual training sessions, and provide additional training sessions when changes are made to harassment policies. It is also important to document when training sessions are conducted, who attends those sessions, and the content of each session.

An effective training session should cover key topics, designed to help supervisors prevent harassment and remedy harassment that does occur, and these key points include:

  • educating supervisors regarding what conduct is inappropriate;
  • ensuring supervisors understand that they are required to report complaints of harassment or incidents they observe;
  • ensuring supervisors understand that employees are permitted to make both informal and formal complaints of harassment, and that all such complaints must be investigated;
  • describing the multiple channels through which employees can make complaints;
  • detailing the complaint investigation and resolution process; and
  • ensuring supervisors understand that retaliation is strictly prohibited.

A quality training session will be designed to educate supervisors and managers on appropriate workplace behavior and to help them avoid engaging in discriminatory conduct. Supervisors must be trained to appropriately respond to complaints and to report incidents of harassment. Supervisors should also be aware of the consequences for failing to do so. As you can see, merely reiterating the content of a policy during a training session does not constitute effective supervisory training. Some states, such as California, even have specific requirements for supervisor training, including the minimum duration and frequency of such training.

Employers can also benefit from regularly training supervisors in a broader range of human resources issues, including hiring and interviewing techniques, discipline and performance management, employee privacy, Family and Medical Leave Act requirements, wage and hour issues, and maintaining a safe workplace.

McNees Wallace & Nurick’s Labor and Employment Group can help employers develop effective training programs.  McNees can also provide a list of suggested supervisory training topics, suggested re-training time lines and course materials. You can contact a McNees attorney by clicking here.

This post was contributed by Rick L. Etter, Esq., an Associate in McNees Wallace & Nurick LLC’s Labor and Employment Group.

Recently, Alcoa Mill Products Inc. agreed to pay over $500,000 in back wages to 39 female and minority applicants who were rejected for jobs at the company’s plant in Lancaster, PA. The payment was part of a settlement that resolved a finding by the Office of Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) that Alcoa Mill Products discriminated against Hispanic, African-American and female applicants for material handler positions. During a scheduled compliance review, the OFCCP determined that the company’s hiring process for material handlers had a disparate impact on minority and female applicants. In addition to paying back wages, Alcoa Mill Products agreed to extend job offers to nine of the class members, to spend at least $20,000 on training, and to revise its selection process for material handlers.

This case is a cautionary tale for government contractors. The outcome in this case could have been avoided if the company would have conducted an affirmative action self-audit. A self-audit would have revealed the problems in the selection process before they were uncovered by the OFCCP.

If you are a government contractor, now is the time to consider an affirmative action self-audit. An affirmative action self-audit would enable you to uncover and remedy mistakes that contractors commonly make, including critical mistakes concerning the hiring process, applicant tracking, adverse impact analyses, compensation analyses, and record retention. Of course, a self-audit is effective only if it is conducted before the contractor receives the OFCCP’s notice of compliance review. This is because once that notice is received a contractor has only 30 days to submit its affirmative action program and supporting documents. To get the most out of the process, contractors are best served by conducting a self-audit well in advance of notice of an OFCCP audit.

McNees Wallace & Nurick’s Labor and Employment Group can assist you with performing a self audit and with preparing for an OFCCP compliance review.  You can contact McNees by clicking here.

We previously reported, the National Labor Relations Board (Board) has been very active in the area of employee social media use.  Recently, the Board’s Office of General Counsel issued three (3) Advice Memorandums directing the dismissal of charges, which challenged discipline issued to employees based on the employees’ social media activity. This latest action, or inaction, by the Board offers us an opportunity to provide another update on social media and employee discipline. 

The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) protects employees who engage in concerted activity from discipline. Board precedent defines concerted activity as (1) group action or action on behalf of other employees; (2) activity seeking to initiate or prepare for group activity, or (3) bringing a group complaint to the attention of management.  The recent announcements by the Board’s Office of General Counsel shed light on the limits of the protections afforded to employees by the NLRA.

Continue Reading Another Update on Social Media and Employee Discipline

This post was developed with the assistance of Kelly Horein, a Summer Associate with McNees Wallace and Nurick LLC. Ms. Horein will begin her third year of law school at Boston University School of Law in the fall, and she expects to earn her J.D. in May 2012.

According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), employees filed a record number of workplace discrimination charges last year. As a result, it is now more important than ever for employers to take steps to prevent unlawful discrimination and harassment in the workplace.

Most savvy human resource professionals know that they must maintain antidiscrimination policies with adequate reporting procedures to help avoid liability. However, it is just as important to train supervisors and managers regarding the implementation of those policies. Unfortunately, when times get tough, employers are often forced to cut costs and training is usually one of the first items on the chopping block. If your organization scaled back training during the economic downturn, it may again be time to rally support for supervisor training.

Effective training for supervisors and managers actually helps reduce costs in the long run, because it helps supervisors prevent claims before they are filed. The United States Supreme Court and the EEOC have emphasized the importance of supervisor training in the context of discrimination and harassment claims. Indeed, training is recognized under the law as an essential part of an "affirmative defense" to claims that supervisors engaged in harassment. If an employee alleges that harassment by a supervisor created a hostile work environment, then the employer may raise a two-part defense. An employer is not subject to strict liability for a supervisor’s conduct where the employer can show that (1) the employer took reasonable measures to prevent harassment and promptly correct it when it occurred and (2) the employee failed to take advantage of established mechanisms for filing complaints.

Human resources professionals can be instrumental in helping their employers take "reasonable measures to prevent harassment." However, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which covers Pennsylvania, has stated that in order to show that an employer took such reasonable measures, the employer must do more than simply adopt an antidiscrimination policy.

Continue Reading A Reminder Regarding the Importance of Supervisor Training

Does your Company make a practice of checking for local ordinances that prohibit discrimination in employment? It should! Employers may be most familiar with the primary state and federal anti-discrimination laws, such as the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the new Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act and the Pennsylvania Human Relations Act. The state and federal statutes prohibit discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, religion/creed, national origin, sex, age, disability and genetic information. Employers must be careful, however, to ensure that they are aware of local ordinances that provide additional prohibitions on discrimination – including ordinances like Philadelphia’s Fair Practices Ordinance, which prohibits discrimination based upon additional protected characteristics.

For example, the cities of Harrisburg, York and Philadelphia all prohibit discrimination on the basis of multiple characteristics in addition to those listed above, including sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Recently, Philadelphia enacted an amendment to its Fair Practices Ordinance that expanded the characteristics on the basis of which discrimination is prohibited. The ordinance now prohibits discrimination on the basis of familial status, domestic or sexual violence victim status and genetic information, in addition to marital status, sexual orientation and the other protected classes identified above. The amendment to Philadelphia’s Fair Practices Ordinance became effective June 21, 2011. 

Even if your Company does not operate within the City of Philadelphia, remember to check for local ordinances that might impact your policies! Employers should carefully review their equal employment opportunity, discrimination and harassment policies, as well as their manager/supervisor and employee training materials, to ensure that they cover all protected characteristics at the federal, state and local levels.  

This post was contributed by Christopher Gibson, a Summer Associate with McNees Wallace and Nurick LLC.  Mr. Gibson will begin his third year of law school at Wake Forest in the fall, and he expects to earn his J.D. in May 2012. 

With unemployment in the United States hovering around 9.2%, human resources offices across the country are being bombarded with job applications like never before. The overworked employees of these often understaffed offices are charged with wading through a figurative sea of applications, all while dealing with the increasingly zany behavior of some applicants. According to CBS News, "[o]ne man sent a shoe to his prospective employer with a note that read, ‘I want to get my foot in the door.’ " Another "handed out personalized coffee cups, so no one would forget his name." In this high stress environment, some human resources professionals might see using social media as a quick and easy way of separating the wheat from the chaff – narrowing the field of possible applicants significantly in a short amount of time. But before signing into Facebook or pulling up your favorite search engine, keep in mind the immortal words of Clint Eastwood in Dirty Harry: "You feelin’ lucky?"

Every human resources staff member knows that, especially when interviewing a potential new employee, some topics are strictly off limits. Asking one of these "off limits" questions can put your company at serious risk of being sued for discrimination. The trouble is, by resorting to the use of social media, this kind of "off limits" information can be collected from a potential employee even before his or her interview.

Imagine for a moment that you are the director of human resources for a mid-sized paper supply company. You receive around fifty resumes in response to a job posting to fill the position of "Assistant to the Regional Manager." One applicant – Alex Jackson – catches your eye as one of the top applicants for the job. According to Alex’s resume, Alex has been working in the paper industry for around six years and has a bachelor’s degree in management from a New York Ivy League school. Alex has been published in several trade magazines, is active in the community and has excellent references.

You decide to pull Alex’s Facebook profile just to get a better feel for the applicant; what’s the worst that could happen, right?

As you expected, what you find is fairly innocuous – Alex is a 42 year old Caucasian female who is very active in the Catholic church. She has recently married and has a one year old son. Two of her recent wall posts read, "Going out to happy hour for the fourth night in a row! Can’t stop, won’t stop!" and "Please pray for my mother as she recovers from her most recent bout with cancer." Eventually, your organization decides to go in another direction and Alex is not interviewed or hired for the job.

So again, what’s the worst that could happen?

Continue Reading The Use of Social Media in Hiring Decisions: Tempting Fruit from a Poisonous Tree

This post was contributed by Adam R. Long, Esq., a Member in McNees Wallace & Nurick LLC’s Labor and Employment Group.

Act 6 of 2011, which was signed into law on June 17, 2011, amended the Pennsylvania Unemployment Compensation Law in a number of ways. These changes include for the first time a severance pay offset against unemployment compensation benefits. Under the new law, "severance pay" is defined as:

one or more payments made by an employer to an employe on account of separation from the service of the employer, regardless of whether the employer is legally bound by contract, statute or otherwise to make such payments. The term does not include payments for pension, retirement or accrued leave or payments of supplemental unemployment benefits.

The offset is calculated by subtracting 40 percent of the "average annual wage" under the Unemployment Compensation Law from the total severance amount. Currently, this "40% of the average annual wage" calculation equals $17,853, which means that claimants can receive up to $17,853 in total severance pay before their unemployment compensation benefits are affected. The amount of the severance attributed as an offset in any given week will equal the claimant’s full-time daily or weekly wage, and the offset begins with the first week immediately following the claimant’s separation from employment.

The effective date of the Act’s severance pay provision is January 1, 2012. Severance agreements reached between an employer and employee in 2011 should not impact the employee’s unemployment compensation benefits, even if the severance pay continues into 2012. The Act states that its severance pay provisions apply to benefit years that begin on or after the effective date, but will not "apply to severance pay agreements that were agreed to by an employer and employee prior to the effective date."

As we approach 2012, employers and employees should be aware of these new severance pay offset rules and their impact on unemployment compensation benefits when considering severance arrangements.

This post was contributed by Bruce D. Bagley, Esq., a Member in McNees Wallace & Nurick LLC’s Labor and Employment Group, and Adam L. Santucci, Esq., an Associate in the Group.

On June 22, 2011, the National Labor Relations Board (Board) published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that, if finalized, would significantly change the union representation election process. According to a Board "Fact Sheet," the changes are designed to "reduce unnecessary litigation, streamline pre- and post-election procedures and facilitate the use of electronic communication and document filing." But the lone Republican Board Member, Brian E. Hayes, in a stinging dissent, seems to have more accurately characterized the proposed rule change as an "administrative fiat" which will "impose organized labor’s much sought-after ‘quickie election’ option, a procedure under which elections will be held in 10 to 21 days from the filing of the petition." Hayes further described the proposal as an effort "to eviscerate an employer’s legitimate opportunity to express its views about collective bargaining."

The time between the date the petition is filed and the date of the election is critical for employers, because it is often the only time the employer will have to express its views regarding unionization. Often an organizing effort may have been ongoing for weeks or months without the employer’s knowledge, and the employer only learns of the campaign when the election petition is filed with the Board. This means that the employees are only getting one side of the story, the union’s side, prior to the filing of the petition. A shorter time between the filing of the petition and the election date will deprive employers of the time necessary to fairly present both sides of the representation question to employees.

Currently, the Board’s operational goal is 42 days between the filing of the petition and the election, with the median time actually being only 38 days. Under the proposed rules, this time would be shortened significantly. The changes would require a pre-election hearing within seven (7) days of the filing of the petition and would defer rulings on any election issues until after the election, unless the issues would impact at least 20 percent of eligible voters. After an election has been directed, the employer would have only two (2) days to produce a list of eligible voters (not the current seven (7) days), which must include the names, home addresses, phone numbers, and if available, email addresses of these individuals. Currently, only names and addresses are required. In addition, the Board would have discretion to decline to review Regional Director rulings on post-election challenges.

These proposed rule changes, which also include the implementation of electronic filing of petitions, may not be quite as drastic as the changes that would have been wrought by the failed Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA). Nonetheless, the proposed changes have been highly applauded by unions (which are already winning NLRB elections – 69% of elections held in 2009 and 68% of elections held in 2010). EFCA would have eliminated secret ballot elections, required arbitration over the terms of a first collective bargaining agreement if the parties were unable to reach agreement, and increased penalties for employers that engaged in unfair labor practices. EFCA has stalled since the November 2008 elections, and it seems that the Board’s real motivation in proposing the election changes is to enable organized labor to increase its representation in the private sector workforce, where only 7% of employees are currently unionized.

In other recent developments, the activist Obama Board has also filed a lawsuit against Boeing Co., over Boeing’s decision to perform manufacturing work at a non-union facility in South Carolina. The Board has also been highly active in protecting and advocating the use of social media for employees and unions. And, in December 2010, the Board announced a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would require virtually all private sector employers to post a notice to employees regarding their rights to organize under the National Labor Relations Act. In addition, the Department of Labor has announced a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would require further disclosure of employer use of consultants during union organizing campaigns, in an obvious effort to discourage the use of such consultants.

These developments send a loud and clear message that the current administration emphatically supports union organizing efforts. Employers must be aware that if the Board’s proposed rules become final, employers will be significantly restricted in their ability to respond to union organizing campaigns. Therefore, employers must become more proactive than ever in addressing employee relations issues now and conducting union avoidance training for their supervisors and managers.